Trucking insurance requirements vary by state, cargo type, and operating authority. Owner operators and fleet owners need to understand what is required before putting trucks on the road.
Federal Requirements
The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration sets minimum liability requirements for interstate trucking operations.
General freight carriers operating in interstate commerce typically need at least $750,000 in liability coverage. Hazardous materials carriers may need $1,000,000 or more depending on the commodity.
State Requirements
Each state may have additional requirements beyond federal minimums. Some states require filings or endorsements that must be attached to the policy.
Carriers operating only within a single state are subject to intrastate requirements, which vary.
Common Trucking Coverages
Primary Liability
Primary liability covers bodily injury and property damage caused by the truck driver. This is the core coverage required by regulators.
Physical Damage
Physical damage covers the truck itself — collision, comprehensive, and sometimes fire and theft as separate coverages.
Motor Truck Cargo
Cargo coverage protects the freight being transported. Limits and exclusions vary by cargo type.
Bobtail and Non-Trucking Liability
These coverages apply when the truck is being operated outside of a dispatch — such as driving home after a delivery.
What Affects Trucking Insurance Cost
Driver records and experience
Radius of operation
Cargo type
Equipment age and value
Operating authority status
Prior claims
Final Thought
Trucking insurance is a specialized line. Working with a broker who understands DOT requirements and carrier markets can make a significant difference in coverage and cost.